Their fear of both American Indians and the Devil turned into hysteria during the infamous Salem witchcraft trials of 1692. 647 King Philip's War 2 Historical context notes are intended to give basic and preliminary information on a topic. "King Philips War King Philip’s War (1675–76), war that pitted Native Americans against English settlers and their Indian allies that was one of the bloodiest conflicts (per capita) in U.S. history. In turn, they usually interpreted their wars with Indians as a sign of God's displeasure. Many English refugees from these Indian wars sought safety in towns like Salem and Boston. Find definitions for: King" Phil'ip's War' Pronunciation: the war (1675–76) between New England colonists and a confederation of Indians under their leader, King Philip. Mendon, Brookfield, Deerfield, North-field, and other Massachsuetts towns were devastated, abandoned, or both. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. King Philip 's War cataclysmically ended a generation of peaceful interdependence among New England 's various groups of English colonists and American Indians. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Encyclopedia.com. . When Plymouth and Massachusetts forces drove Philip from Mount Hope into Pocasset swamps, he easily slipped into central Massachusetts. "King Philip's War, Legacy of King Philip's War, 1675–76, the most devastating war between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England. It wreaked havoc on the New England economy. ." For generations, Native Americans educated their children through ceremony, story telling, and observation, teac…, Art, Indian That American Indians and the Devil had become intimately entwined in the minds of many colonists indicates just how much King Philip's War had reinforced racial identity and the divide between English colonists and native peoples. In their confessions, accused witches would describe the devil as resembling an American Indian. Russell Bourne , The Red King's Rebellion, 1990. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. ." such as Douglas Edward Leach's Flintlock and Tomahawk New England in King Philip's War, Balik, Shelby; Stearns, Raymond P. "King Philip's War In August they captured Philip's wife and son, surrounded his camp, and shot and killed Philip as he tried to escape. . Upper Ohio River (near present-day Akron, Ohio) Norton, Mary Beth. Encyclopedia.com. This factionalism eventually drew the attention of England's imperial authorities who, until this point, had largely ignored the activities of New Englanders. The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. Rowlandson's work was only the first of many highly popular depictions of King Philip's War. ." Slotkin, Richard. The war devastated the Indian population to the point that New England had only one American Indian for every ten colonists at conflict's end. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. It offered a gripping tale of Rowlandson's capture during an American Indian attack on the town of Lancaster and how she endured months of captivity, never losing faith in God and resolutely clinging to the superiority of English ways. The English counterattack was ill planned and indecisive and antagonized other tribes. King Philip 's War (1675–76) War between English settlers and Native Americans in New England. Born c. March 1742 Sources Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. (January 13, 2021). His name was Ousamequin (spelled in various ways); Massasoit is a title of leadership. In the Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. Indians had ambushed and destroyed two colonial forces, and similar raids devastated New Hampshire and Maine settlements. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. KING PHILIP'S WAR (1675–1676). The war came to an end in 1648, when the Dutch Republic was recognised by the Spanish Crown as independent; the eight decades of war came at a massive human cost, with an estimated 600,000 to 700,000 victims, of which 350,000 to 400,000 were civilians killed by disease and what would later be considered war crimes. Americans at War. The most enduring legacies of the work were the reinforcement of the Anglo-American belief of American Indians as savages and masking the lack of attention paid to American Indian captivity experiences. Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/king-philips-war-legacy. . Richard Henry Pratt, an army officer on the southern Plains, made an interesting observation in the late nineteenth centu…, Education, Indian 13 Jan. 2021
. In 1662 Metacom, or Philip, younger son of the Pilgrims’ friend Massasoit, succeeded his father as chief of the Wampanoag. New York: Knopf, 2002. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The resulting pressures on American Indian land, combined with divisions among the Indians over the spread of Christianity, created fissures in the biracial society. Thomas Church. Sixteen English towns in Massachusetts and four in Rhode Island were destroyed. Metacom Boston, MA: Bedford Books, 1997. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America. King Philip's War (1675-1678) was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God by Mary Rowlandson. Though they did not equate American Indians with witches, they and their neighbors did come to associate the visible assaults of Indians with the invisible attacks of the Devil. 13 Jan. 2021 . No English colonist was left in Kennebec County (Maine), and the Indian population of southern New England was decimated. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969. Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) See RHINOCEROTIDAE. Lepore, Jill. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Ironically, even though New England's colonies had prevailed on the battlefield, King Philip's War led to the loss of much of their political autonomy. The Wampanoags, under their chief Philip (Metacomet), rebelled against increasing white aggression. Although day-to-day existence took precedence over artistic endeavors, Native Americans beautified even mundane objects in s…, King of the Jews: A Novel of the Holocaust, https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/king-philips-war-legacy, Native Americans: Images in Popular Culture. War until I was well out o King Philip's War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An Interview with Sheppard Ranbom on King Philip's War. King Philip's War was a nasty, bruital conflict. https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/king-philips-war-legacy, "King Philip's War, Legacy of Philip renewed the peace covenant with Plymouth Colony, but repeated reports of plots with the Narragansets and the French heightened tensions with Plymouth leaders. In some cases they will be expanded into longer entries as the Literary Encyclopedia evolves. Encyclopedia.com. King Philip's War cataclysmically ended a generation of peaceful interdependence among New England's various groups of English colonists and American Indians. Meanwhile, the colonies reorganized their forces, destroyed Narraganset food supplies, and captured and executed Narraganset warrior Canonchet in April. Jealous colonial commanders and troops cooperated badly, soldiers were poorly equipped and ignorant of Indian warfare, and troops lacked scouts to track the enemy and refused at first to employ friendly Indians. Both sides practiced an especially savage "total war:" they razed settlements to the ground and didn't make any real distinction between combatants and … . Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) See RHINOCEROTIDAE. The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity, The Oxford Companion to American Military History, Metacom 3.50 avg rating — 4 ratings. There had been some naval clashes, but full-scale war might well have been avoided had not Philip, perhaps in a fit of youthful bravado, decided to demonstrate his power over England’s mighty Edward I , his vassal, for control of the duchy of Gascony . White New Englanders who coveted farmland but needed help surviving in harsh conditions built uneasy partnerships with neighboring American Indians during the seventeenth century. ." They presented fictional and romanticized accounts of Indian resistance to English expansion. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. EDUCATION, INDIAN. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Dictionary of American History. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-philips-war, "King Philips War When Massasoit died (1662), new Indian leaders rejected alliances with Anglo-Americans, who in turn accused the Indians of conspiring against them. Philip was too wise not to discover that if these continued he would not have a home in all the territories which his father had governed. Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/king-philips-war. At length he made a kind of informal agreement with the Plymouth authoriti… See alsoFrontier Defense ; Indian Policy, Colonial ; Warfare, Indian . King Philip's War cataclysmically ended a generation of peaceful interdependence among New England's various groups of English colonists and American Indians. Encyclopedia.com. ." Although Indians no longer posed a threat to colonists in southern New England, tension between Indians and white settlers persisted to the northeast and northwest, where these conflicts merged with political and territorial clashes between England and France. Metacom (1640-1676) was a Native American chief (sachem) whose tribe, the Wampanoags, waged the most devastating war against the Engish in ea…. In February they attacked Lancaster—where Mary Rowlandson was captured—and threatened Plymouth, Providence, and towns near Boston. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. ." Jill Lepore , The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity, 1998. Upon the death (1662) of his brother, Alexander (Wamsutta), whom the Native Americans suspected the English of murdering, Philip … A second cause of war was the frequent demands of the settlers for the purchase of his lands. Although day-to-day existence took precedence over artistic endeavors, Native Americans beautified even mundane objects in s…, Brant, Joseph By 1660, however, most Anglo-American communities had achieved economic and demographic stability, and white New Englanders who valued agriculture and fishing over the fur trade increasingly downplayed their economic partnership with Indians and justified seizures of Indian land. Metacom (1640-1676) was a Native American chief (sachem) whose tribe, the Wampanoags, waged the most devastating war against the Engish in ea…, Education, Indian KING PHILIP'S WAR (1675–1676). As more Puritans arrived, they needed more land and they took it. Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Philip avowed peaceful intentions and agreed to surrender firearms. King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies. Then, colonial forces raided Narraganset territory and compelled a few lingerers to sign a treaty of neutrality, but Narraganset warriors had already joined in Philip's War. Philip's death marked the end of the war, although hostilities continued in New Hampshire and Maine, where the Abenakis and others, with French support, attacked English settlements. Americans at War. The war is named for Metacomet, the Wampanoag chief who adopted the name Philip because of the friendly relations … In addition, … In May an English force of 180 men surprised and massacred the Indians at Deerfield and broke their resistance in the valley. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1973; New York: Harper-Perennial, 1996. EDUCATION, INDIAN. All of the ink these colonists spilled created a lasting, however skewed, memory of the war that shaped American culture and subsequent American Indian-white relations. . The section also has many gems of local history, some integrally and some very distantly related to King Phillip's War. John Whiteclay Chambers II "King Philip's War In the 1830s writers such as James Fenimore Cooper, Edwin Forrest, and William Apess, a Pequot American Indian, drew on the memory of King Philip's War in ways that made readers and theater viewers think about contemporary American Indian policy. 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